1 Introduction 10
1.1 Industry Definition and Research Scope 10
1.1.1 Industry Definition 10
1.1.2 Research Scope 11
1.2 Research Methodology 14
1.2.1 Overview of Market Research Methodology 14
1.2.2 Market Assumption 15
1.2.3 Secondary Data 15
1.2.4 Primary Data 15
1.2.5 Data Filtration and Model Design 16
1.2.6 Market Size/Share Estimation 17
1.2.7 Research Limitations 18
1.3 Executive Summary 19
2 Market Overview and Dynamics 22
2.1 Market Size and Forecast 22
2.1.1 Impact of COVID-19 on World Economy 23
2.1.2 Impact of COVID-19 on the Market 27
2.1.3 Impact of Russia-Ukraine Conflict 29
2.1.4 Impact of Israel-Palestine War 31
2.2 Major Growth Drivers 32
2.3 Market Restraints and Challenges 37
2.4 Emerging Opportunities and Market Trends 40
2.5 Porter’s Fiver Forces Analysis 43
3 Segmentation of Global Market by Product 47
3.1 Market Overview by Product 47
3.2 Anti-reflective Coatings 50
3.3 High Reflective Coatings 51
3.4 Transparent Conductive Coatings 52
3.5 Optical Filter Coatings 53
3.6 Beam Splitter Coatings 54
3.7 Electrochromic Coatings 55
3.8 Other Products 56
4 Segmentation of Global Market by Material 57
4.1 Market Overview by Material 57
4.2 Metal Oxide Compounds 60
4.3 Fluoride Compounds 61
4.4 II-IV Semiconductor Compounds 62
4.5 Metals 63
4.6 Multicomponent 64
4.7 Other Materials 65
5 Segmentation of Global Market by Substrate 66
5.1 Market Overview by Substrate 66
5.2 Germanium 69
5.3 Fused Silica 70
5.4 Borosilicate Glass 71
5.5 Calcium Fluoride 72
5.6 Zinc Selenide 73
5.7 Zinc Sulfide 74
5.8 Other Substrates 75
6 Segmentation of Global Market by Technology 76
6.1 Market Overview by Technology 76
6.2 Vacuum Deposition 79
6.3 E-Beam Evaporation 80
6.4 Advanced Plasma Sputtering 81
6.5 Ion-Assisted Deposition 82
6.6 Atomic Layer Deposition 83
6.7 Other Technologies 84
7 Segmentation of Global Market by Application 85
7.1 Market Overview by Application 85
7.2 Mirrors 88
7.3 Reflectors 89
7.4 Binoculars and Telescopes 90
7.5 Bulbs and Lightings 91
7.6 Ballistic Glass 92
7.7 Display Screens 93
7.8 Sunglasses 94
7.9 Spectacles 95
7.10 Other Applications 96
8 Segmentation of Global Market by Industry Vertical 97
8.1 Market Overview by Industry Vertical 97
8.2 Electronics and Semiconductors 100
8.3 Telecommunications 101
8.4 Aerospace and Defense 102
8.5 Healthcare and Medical 103
8.6 Automotive and Transportation 104
8.7 Solar Power 105
8.8 Construction and Infrastructure 106
8.9 Other Industry Verticals 107
9 Segmentation of Global Market by Region 108
9.1 Geographic Market Overview 2023-2033 108
9.2 North America Market 2023-2033 by Country 113
9.2.1 Overview of North America Market 113
9.2.2 U.S. 117
9.2.3 Canada 120
9.2.4 Mexico 122
9.3 European Market 2023-2033 by Country 124
9.3.1 Overview of European Market 124
9.3.2 Germany 128
9.3.3 U.K. 130
9.3.4 France 132
9.3.5 Spain 134
9.3.6 Italy 136
9.3.7 Russia 138
9.3.8 Rest of European Market 140
9.4 Asia-Pacific Market 2023-2033 by Country 142
9.4.1 Overview of Asia-Pacific Market 142
9.4.2 Japan 146
9.4.3 China 149
9.4.4 Australia 151
9.4.5 India 153
9.4.6 South Korea 155
9.4.7 Rest of APAC Region 157
9.5 South America Market 2023-2033 by Country 159
9.5.1 Argentina 163
9.5.2 Brazil 165
9.5.3 Chile 167
9.5.4 Rest of South America Market 169
9.6 MEA Market 2023-2033 by Country 170
9.6.1 UAE 174
9.6.2 Saudi Arabia 176
9.6.3 South Africa 178
9.6.4 Other National Markets 180
10 Competitive Landscape 181
10.1 Overview of Key Vendors 181
10.2 New Product Launch, Partnership, Investment, and M&A 184
10.3 Company Profiles 185
3M Company 185
Abrisa Technologies 187
Accucoat Inc. 188
Artemis Optical Ltd. 189
Asml Berlin (Berliner Glas) 190
Dupont 191
Edmund Optics Inc. 192
Inrad Optics Inc. 193
Materion Corporation 194
Newport Corporation (MKS Instruments Inc.) 195
Nippon Sheet Glass Co., Ltd. 196
Optical Coatings Technologies 197
PPG Industries Inc. 198
Quantum Coating, Inc. 199
Reynard Corporation 200
Schott AG 201
Sigmakoki Co., Ltd. 202
Zeiss International 203
Zygo Corporation 204
11 Investing in Optical Coatings Industry: Risk Assessment and Management 205
11.1 Risk Evaluation of Global Market 205
11.2 Critical Success Factors (CSFs) 211
RELATED REPORTS 214

List of Tables

List of Tables:

Table 1. Snapshot of Global Optical Coatings Market in Balanced Perspective, 2023-2033 20
Table 2. World Economic Outlook, 2024-2036 24
Table 3. World Economic Outlook, 2022-2024 26
Table 4. Scenarios for Economic Impact of Ukraine Crisis 30
Table 5. Scenarios for Economic Impact of Israel-Palestine War 31
Table 6. Main Product Trends and Market Opportunities in Global Optical Coatings Market 40
Table 7. Global Optical Coatings Market by Product, 2023-2033, $ mn 48
Table 8. Global Optical Coatings Market by Material, 2023-2033, $ mn 58
Table 9. Global Optical Coatings Market by Substrate, 2023-2033, $ mn 67
Table 10. Global Optical Coatings Market by Technology, 2023-2033, $ mn 77
Table 11. Global Optical Coatings Market by Application, 2023-2033, $ mn 86
Table 12. Global Optical Coatings Market by Industry Vertical, 2023-2033, $ mn 98
Table 13. Global Optical Coatings Market by Region, 2023-2033, $ mn 110
Table 14. Leading National Optical Coatings Market, 2023 and 2033, $ mn 112
Table 15. North America Optical Coatings Market by Country, 2023-2033, $ mn 115
Table 16. U.S. Optical Coatings Market by Product, 2023-2033, $ mn 119
Table 17. U.S. Optical Coatings Market by Technology, 2023-2033, $ mn 119
Table 18. U.S. Optical Coatings Market by Industry Vertical, 2023-2033, $ mn 119
Table 19. Canada Optical Coatings Market by Product, 2023-2033, $ mn 121
Table 20. Canada Optical Coatings Market by Technology, 2023-2033, $ mn 121
Table 21. Canada Optical Coatings Market by Industry Vertical, 2023-2033, $ mn 121
Table 22. Mexico Optical Coatings Market by Product, 2023-2033, $ mn 123
Table 23. Mexico Optical Coatings Market by Technology, 2023-2033, $ mn 123
Table 24. Mexico Optical Coatings Market by Industry Vertical, 2023-2033, $ mn 123
Table 25. Europe Optical Coatings Market by Country, 2023-2033, $ mn 126
Table 26. Germany Optical Coatings Market by Product, 2023-2033, $ mn 129
Table 27. Germany Optical Coatings Market by Technology, 2023-2033, $ mn 129
Table 28. Germany Optical Coatings Market by Industry Vertical, 2023-2033, $ mn 129
Table 29. U.K. Optical Coatings Market by Product, 2023-2033, $ mn 131
Table 30. U.K. Optical Coatings Market by Technology, 2023-2033, $ mn 131
Table 31. U.K. Optical Coatings Market by Industry Vertical, 2023-2033, $ mn 131
Table 32. France Optical Coatings Market by Product, 2023-2033, $ mn 133
Table 33. France Optical Coatings Market by Technology, 2023-2033, $ mn 133
Table 34. France Optical Coatings Market by Industry Vertical, 2023-2033, $ mn 133
Table 35. Spain Optical Coatings Market by Product, 2023-2033, $ mn 135
Table 36. Spain Optical Coatings Market by Technology, 2023-2033, $ mn 135
Table 37. Spain Optical Coatings Market by Industry Vertical, 2023-2033, $ mn 135
Table 38. Italy Optical Coatings Market by Product, 2023-2033, $ mn 137
Table 39. Italy Optical Coatings Market by Technology, 2023-2033, $ mn 137
Table 40. Italy Optical Coatings Market by Industry Vertical, 2023-2033, $ mn 137
Table 41. Russia Optical Coatings Market by Product, 2023-2033, $ mn 139
Table 42. Russia Optical Coatings Market by Technology, 2023-2033, $ mn 139
Table 43. Russia Optical Coatings Market by Industry Vertical, 2023-2033, $ mn 139
Table 44. Optical Coatings Market in Rest of Europe by Country, 2023-2033, $ mn 141
Table 45. APAC Optical Coatings Market by Country, 2023-2033, $ mn 144
Table 46. Japan Optical Coatings Market by Product, 2023-2033, $ mn 148
Table 47. Japan Optical Coatings Market by Technology, 2023-2033, $ mn 148
Table 48. Japan Optical Coatings Market by Industry Vertical, 2023-2033, $ mn 148
Table 49. China Optical Coatings Market by Product, 2023-2033, $ mn 150
Table 50. China Optical Coatings Market by Technology, 2023-2033, $ mn 150
Table 51. China Optical Coatings Market by Industry Vertical, 2023-2033, $ mn 150
Table 52. Australia Optical Coatings Market by Product, 2023-2033, $ mn 152
Table 53. Australia Optical Coatings Market by Technology, 2023-2033, $ mn 152
Table 54. Australia Optical Coatings Market by Industry Vertical, 2023-2033, $ mn 152
Table 55. India Optical Coatings Market by Product, 2023-2033, $ mn 154
Table 56. India Optical Coatings Market by Technology, 2023-2033, $ mn 154
Table 57. India Optical Coatings Market by Industry Vertical, 2023-2033, $ mn 154
Table 58. South Korea Optical Coatings Market by Product, 2023-2033, $ mn 156
Table 59. South Korea Optical Coatings Market by Technology, 2023-2033, $ mn 156
Table 60. South Korea Optical Coatings Market by Industry Vertical, 2023-2033, $ mn 156
Table 61. Optical Coatings Market in Rest of APAC by Country/Region, 2023-2033, $ mn 158
Table 62. South America Optical Coatings Market by Country, 2023-2033, $ mn 161
Table 63. Argentina Optical Coatings Market by Product, 2023-2033, $ mn 164
Table 64. Argentina Optical Coatings Market by Technology, 2023-2033, $ mn 164
Table 65. Argentina Optical Coatings Market by Industry Vertical, 2023-2033, $ mn 164
Table 66. Brazil Optical Coatings Market by Product, 2023-2033, $ mn 166
Table 67. Brazil Optical Coatings Market by Technology, 2023-2033, $ mn 166
Table 68. Brazil Optical Coatings Market by Industry Vertical, 2023-2033, $ mn 166
Table 69. Chile Optical Coatings Market by Product, 2023-2033, $ mn 168
Table 70. Chile Optical Coatings Market by Technology, 2023-2033, $ mn 168
Table 71. Chile Optical Coatings Market by Industry Vertical, 2023-2033, $ mn 168
Table 72. MEA Optical Coatings Market by Country, 2023-2033, $ mn 172
Table 73. UAE Optical Coatings Market by Product, 2023-2033, $ mn 175
Table 74. UAE Optical Coatings Market by Technology, 2023-2033, $ mn 175
Table 75. UAE Optical Coatings Market by Industry Vertical, 2023-2033, $ mn 175
Table 76. Saudi Arabia Optical Coatings Market by Product, 2023-2033, $ mn 177
Table 77. Saudi Arabia Optical Coatings Market by Technology, 2023-2033, $ mn 177
Table 78. Saudi Arabia Optical Coatings Market by Industry Vertical, 2023-2033, $ mn 177
Table 79. South Africa Optical Coatings Market by Product, 2023-2033, $ mn 179
Table 80. South Africa Optical Coatings Market by Technology, 2023-2033, $ mn 179
Table 81. South Africa Optical Coatings Market by Industry Vertical, 2023-2033, $ mn 179
Table 82. 3M Company: Company Snapshot 185
Table 83. 3M Company: Business Segmentation 186
Table 84. 3M Company: Product Portfolio 186
Table 85. List of Risk Factors and Weight Percentages/Theoretical Maximum 206
Table 86. Definition of GMD Relative Risk Index Number (Relative RIN) and GMD Risk Intensity Level (RIL) 207
Table 87. Risk Evaluation for Investing in Global Market, 2023-2033 208
Table 88. Critical Success Factors and Key Takeaways 212

List of Figures

List of Figures:

Figure 1. Research Method Flow Chart 14
Figure 2. Bottom-up Approach and Top-down Approach for Market Estimation 17
Figure 3. Global Market Forecast in Optimistic, Conservative and Balanced Perspectives, 2023-2033 19
Figure 4. Global Optical Coatings Market, 2023-2033, $ mn 22
Figure 5. Impact of COVID-19 on Business 27
Figure 6. Primary Drivers and Impact Factors of Global Optical Coatings Market 32
Figure 7. Forecast of Middle-class Population by Region, 2015-2030, million 35
Figure 8. World Electrical & Electronics Industry, 2019-2030, $ trillion 35
Figure 9. World PV Installation, 2010-2030F, GW (DC) 36
Figure 10. Primary Restraints and Impact Factors of Global Optical Coatings Market 37
Figure 11. Porter’s Fiver Forces Analysis of Global Optical Coatings Market 43
Figure 12. Growth Opportunity Analysis by Product 47
Figure 13. Breakdown of Global Optical Coatings Market by Product, 2023-2033, % of Revenue 48
Figure 14. Global Addressable Market Cap in 2024-2033 by Product, Value ($ mn) and Share (%) 49
Figure 15. Global Optical Coatings Market by Product: Anti-reflective Coatings, 2023-2033, $ mn 50
Figure 16. Global Optical Coatings Market by Product: High Reflective Coatings, 2023-2033, $ mn 51
Figure 17. Global Optical Coatings Market by Product: Transparent Conductive Coatings, 2023-2033, $ mn 52
Figure 18. Global Optical Coatings Market by Product: Optical Filter Coatings, 2023-2033, $ mn 53
Figure 19. Global Optical Coatings Market by Product: Beam Splitter Coatings, 2023-2033, $ mn 54
Figure 20. Global Optical Coatings Market by Product: Electrochromic Coatings, 2023-2033, $ mn 55
Figure 21. Global Optical Coatings Market by Product: Other Products, 2023-2033, $ mn 56
Figure 22. Growth Opportunity Analysis by Material 57
Figure 23. Breakdown of Global Optical Coatings Market by Material, 2023-2033, % of Sales Revenue 58
Figure 24. Global Addressable Market Cap in 2024-2033 by Material, Value ($ mn) and Share (%) 59
Figure 25. Global Optical Coatings Market by Material: Metal Oxide Compounds, 2023-2033, $ mn 60
Figure 26. Global Optical Coatings Market by Material: Fluoride Compounds, 2023-2033, $ mn 61
Figure 27. Global Optical Coatings Market by Material: II-IV Semiconductor Compounds, 2023-2033, $ mn 62
Figure 28. Global Optical Coatings Market by Material: Metals, 2023-2033, $ mn 63
Figure 29. Global Optical Coatings Market by Material: Multicomponent, 2023-2033, $ mn 64
Figure 30. Global Optical Coatings Market by Material: Other Materials, 2023-2033, $ mn 65
Figure 31. Growth Opportunity Analysis by Substrate 66
Figure 32. Breakdown of Global Optical Coatings Market by Substrate, 2023-2033, % of Sales Revenue 67
Figure 33. Global Addressable Market Cap in 2024-2033 by Substrate, Value ($ mn) and Share (%) 68
Figure 34. Global Optical Coatings Market by Substrate: Germanium, 2023-2033, $ mn 69
Figure 35. Global Optical Coatings Market by Substrate: Fused Silica, 2023-2033, $ mn 70
Figure 36. Global Optical Coatings Market by Substrate: Borosilicate Glass, 2023-2033, $ mn 71
Figure 37. Global Optical Coatings Market by Substrate: Calcium Fluoride, 2023-2033, $ mn 72
Figure 38. Global Optical Coatings Market by Substrate: Zinc Selenide, 2023-2033, $ mn 73
Figure 39. Global Optical Coatings Market by Substrate: Zinc Sulfide, 2023-2033, $ mn 74
Figure 40. Global Optical Coatings Market by Substrate: Other Substrates, 2023-2033, $ mn 75
Figure 41. Growth Opportunity Analysis by Technology 76
Figure 42. Breakdown of Global Optical Coatings Market by Technology, 2023-2033, % of Revenue 77
Figure 43. Global Addressable Market Cap in 2024-2033 by Technology, Value ($ mn) and Share (%) 78
Figure 44. Global Optical Coatings Market by Technology: Vacuum Deposition, 2023-2033, $ mn 79
Figure 45. Global Optical Coatings Market by Technology: E-Beam Evaporation, 2023-2033, $ mn 80
Figure 46. Global Optical Coatings Market by Technology: Advanced Plasma Sputtering, 2023-2033, $ mn 81
Figure 47. Global Optical Coatings Market by Technology: Ion-Assisted Deposition, 2023-2033, $ mn 82
Figure 48. Global Optical Coatings Market by Technology: Atomic Layer Deposition, 2023-2033, $ mn 83
Figure 49. Global Optical Coatings Market by Technology: Other Technologies, 2023-2033, $ mn 84
Figure 50. Growth Opportunity Analysis by Application 85
Figure 51. Breakdown of Global Optical Coatings Market by Application, 2023-2033, % of Revenue 86
Figure 52. Global Addressable Market Cap in 2024-2033 by Application, Value ($ mn) and Share (%) 87
Figure 53. Global Optical Coatings Market by Application: Mirrors, 2023-2033, $ mn 88
Figure 54. Global Optical Coatings Market by Application: Reflectors, 2023-2033, $ mn 89
Figure 55. Global Optical Coatings Market by Application: Binoculars and Telescopes, 2023-2033, $ mn 90
Figure 56. Global Optical Coatings Market by Application: Bulbs and Lightings, 2023-2033, $ mn 91
Figure 57. Global Optical Coatings Market by Application: Ballistic Glass, 2023-2033, $ mn 92
Figure 58. Global Optical Coatings Market by Application: Display Screens, 2023-2033, $ mn 93
Figure 59. Global Optical Coatings Market by Application: Sunglasses, 2023-2033, $ mn 94
Figure 60. Global Optical Coatings Market by Application: Spectacles, 2023-2033, $ mn 95
Figure 61. Global Optical Coatings Market by Application: Other Applications, 2023-2033, $ mn 96
Figure 62. Growth Opportunity Analysis by Industry Vertical 97
Figure 63. Breakdown of Global Optical Coatings Market by Industry Vertical, 2023-2033, % of Revenue 98
Figure 64. Global Addressable Market Cap in 2024-2033 by Industry Vertical, Value ($ mn) and Share (%) 99
Figure 65. Global Optical Coatings Market by Industry Vertical: Electronics and Semiconductors, 2023-2033, $ mn 100
Figure 66. Global Optical Coatings Market by Industry Vertical: Telecommunications, 2023-2033, $ mn 101
Figure 67. Global Optical Coatings Market by Industry Vertical: Aerospace and Defense, 2023-2033, $ mn 102
Figure 68. Global Optical Coatings Market by Industry Vertical: Healthcare and Medical, 2023-2033, $ mn 103
Figure 69. Global Optical Coatings Market by Industry Vertical: Automotive and Transportation, 2023-2033, $ mn 104
Figure 70. Global Optical Coatings Market by Industry Vertical: Solar Power, 2023-2033, $ mn 105
Figure 71. Global Optical Coatings Market by Industry Vertical: Construction and Infrastructure, 2023-2033, $ mn 106
Figure 72. Global Optical Coatings Market by Industry Vertical: Other Industry Verticals, 2023-2033, $ mn 107
Figure 73. Global Market Snapshot by Region 108
Figure 74. Growth Opportunity Analysis of Global Market by Region 109
Figure 75. Geographic Spread of Worldwide Optical Coatings Market, 2023-2033, % of Sales Revenue 110
Figure 76. Global Addressable Market Cap in 2024-2033 by Region, Value ($ mn) and Share (%) 111
Figure 77. North American Optical Coatings Market, 2023-2033, $ mn 114
Figure 78. Growth Opportunity Analysis of North America Market by Country 114
Figure 79. Breakdown of North America Optical Coatings Market by Country, 2023 and 2033, % of Revenue 115
Figure 80. Contribution to North America 2024-2033 Cumulative Market by Country, Value ($ mn) and Share (%) 116
Figure 81. U.S. Optical Coatings Market, 2023-2033, $ mn 118
Figure 82. Canada Optical Coatings Market, 2023-2033, $ mn 120
Figure 83. Optical Coatings Market in Mexico, 2023-2033, $ mn 122
Figure 84. European Optical Coatings Market, 2023-2033, $ mn 125
Figure 85. Growth Opportunity Analysis of Europe Market by Country 125
Figure 86. Breakdown of European Optical Coatings Market by Country, 2023 and 2033, % of Revenue 126
Figure 87. Contribution to Europe 2024-2033 Cumulative Market by Country, Value ($ mn) and Share (%) 127
Figure 88. Optical Coatings Market in Germany, 2023-2033, $ mn 128
Figure 89. Optical Coatings Market in U.K., 2023-2033, $ mn 130
Figure 90. Optical Coatings Market in France, 2023-2033, $ mn 132
Figure 91. Optical Coatings Market in Spain, 2023-2033, $ mn 134
Figure 92. Optical Coatings Market in Italy, 2023-2033, $ mn 136
Figure 93. Optical Coatings Market in Russia, 2023-2033, $ mn 138
Figure 94. Optical Coatings Market in Rest of Europe, 2023-2033, $ mn 140
Figure 95. Asia-Pacific Optical Coatings Market, 2023-2033, $ mn 143
Figure 96. Growth Opportunity Analysis of Asia-Pacific Market by Country 143
Figure 97. Breakdown of APAC Optical Coatings Market by Country, 2023 and 2033, % of Revenue 144
Figure 98. Contribution to APAC 2024-2033 Cumulative Market by Country, Value ($ mn) and Share (%) 145
Figure 99. Optical Coatings Market in Japan, 2023-2033, $ mn 147
Figure 100. Optical Coatings Market in China, 2023-2033, $ mn 149
Figure 101. Optical Coatings Market in Australia, 2023-2033, $ mn 151
Figure 102. Optical Coatings Market in India, 2023-2033, $ mn 153
Figure 103. Optical Coatings Market in South Korea, 2023-2033, $ mn 155
Figure 104. Optical Coatings Market in Rest of APAC, 2023-2033, $ mn 157
Figure 105. South America Optical Coatings Market, 2023-2033, $ mn 160
Figure 106. Growth Opportunity Analysis of South America Market by Country 160
Figure 107. Breakdown of South America Optical Coatings Market by Country, 2023 and 2033, % of Revenue 161
Figure 108. Contribution to South America 2024-2033 Cumulative Market by Country, Value ($ mn) and Share (%) 162
Figure 109. Optical Coatings Market in Argentina, 2023-2033, $ mn 163
Figure 110. Optical Coatings Market in Brazil, 2023-2033, $ mn 165
Figure 111. Optical Coatings Market in Chile, 2023-2033, $ mn 167
Figure 112. Optical Coatings Market in Rest of South America, 2023-2033, $ mn 169
Figure 113. Optical Coatings Market in Middle East and Africa (MEA), 2023-2033, $ mn 171
Figure 114. Growth Opportunity Analysis of MEA Market by Country 171
Figure 115. Breakdown of MEA Optical Coatings Market by Country, 2023 and 2033, % of Revenue 172
Figure 116. Contribution to MEA 2024-2033 Cumulative Market by Country, Value ($ mn) and Share (%) 173
Figure 117. Optical Coatings Market in UAE, 2023-2033, $ mn 174
Figure 118. Optical Coatings Market in Saudi Arabia, 2023-2033, $ mn 176
Figure 119. Optical Coatings Market in South Africa, 2023-2033, $ mn 178
Figure 120. Optical Coatings Market in the Rest of MEA, 2023-2033, $ mn 180
Figure 121. Growth Stage of Global Optical Coatings Industry over the Forecast Period 181
Figure 122. Comparison of Risk Factors by GMD RIN in 2023 208
Figure 123. GMD Relative RIN of Internal Risk Factors in 2023 on Radar Chart 209
Figure 124. GMD Relative RIN of External Risk Factors in 2023 on Radar Chart 209